Common nestekäsittelymenetelmä include filtration, which physically separates solid particles from a liquid using a porous medium. Evaporation is another technique, used to remove a solvent (usually water) from a solution by heating it, leaving behind the concentrated solute. Distillation separates components of a liquid mixture based on differences in their boiling points. Chromatography encompasses a family of techniques that separate components of a mixture by passing it through a stationary phase, with different components interacting differently and thus moving at different rates. Ion exchange is used to remove or replace specific ions from a liquid. Membrane filtration processes, such as reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration, utilize semi-permeable membranes to separate substances based on size or charge.
The selection of a specific nestekäsittelymenetelmä depends on the nature of the liquid, the contaminants or desired components, the required purity level, and economic considerations. These methods play a critical role in ensuring product quality, recovering valuable materials, and treating wastewater to meet environmental regulations.