Nephrokalcinózis

Nephrokalcinózis refers to the deposition of calcium salts in the renal parenchyma. It is a radiological and pathological finding, not a disease itself, but rather a manifestation of various underlying conditions. The calcium deposits can be diffuse or localized within the kidney tissue.

The causes of nephrokalcinózis are diverse and can include metabolic disorders such as hyperparathyroidism, renal tubular acidosis, vitamin D intoxication, and excessive calcium or oxalate intake. Genetic conditions like familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and Dent's disease are also associated. Certain medications, prolonged immobilization, and some infectious diseases can contribute as well.

Clinically, nephrokalcinózis may be asymptomatic or present with symptoms related to the underlying cause. These can include flank pain, hematuria, recurrent urinary tract infections, and signs of impaired kidney function. In some cases, it can lead to the formation of kidney stones.

Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scans, or plain radiography, which reveal the characteristic calcifications. Laboratory tests are crucial to identify the underlying metabolic or genetic abnormalities.

Management focuses on treating the underlying cause of the calcium deposition. This may involve dietary modifications, medication adjustments, or addressing specific metabolic imbalances. Prevention of further calcification and management of complications like kidney stones are also important aspects of care.