Neoplázie

Neoplázie refers to abnormal new growth of cells, also known as a tumor. This uncontrolled proliferation of cells is distinct from normal cellular growth and repair processes. Neoplastic cells can arise in any tissue of the body.

The development of a neoplasia involves a series of genetic mutations that alter the normal regulation of cell division, growth, and death. These mutations can be caused by various factors, including genetic predisposition, exposure to carcinogens (such as certain chemicals or radiation), and viral infections.

Neoplasias are broadly categorized into benign and malignant types. Benign neoplasms are generally slow-growing, encapsulated, and do not invade surrounding tissues or spread to distant sites (metastasize). While they may cause problems due to their size or location, they are typically not life-threatening.

Malignant neoplasms, or cancers, are characterized by rapid, uncontrolled growth. They have the ability to invade adjacent tissues and can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. This metastatic potential is a defining feature of malignancy and is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths.

Diagnosis of a neoplasia typically involves medical imaging, laboratory tests, and a biopsy, where a sample of the abnormal tissue is examined under a microscope by a pathologist. Treatment strategies vary widely depending on the type, stage, and location of the neoplasia, and can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy.