Nefroos

Nefroos is a medical condition characterized by the excessive loss of protein in the urine, a phenomenon known as proteinuria. It is primarily associated with a group of kidney disorders collectively referred to as nephrotic syndrome. Nefroos occurs when the glomeruli, the filtering units within the kidneys, become damaged or leaky, allowing proteins such as albumin to pass from the bloodstream into the urine.

The condition can affect individuals of all ages, but it is more common in children and young adults. Symptoms of nefroos often include swelling (edema) in the legs, ankles, or around the eyes, as well as foamy urine due to high protein content. It may also be accompanied by weight gain, fatigue, and loss of appetite.

Causes of nefroos can be primary, such as minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, or membranous nephropathy, or secondary to systemic diseases like diabetes mellitus, lupus erythematosus, or infections. The exact cause often determines the treatment approach.

Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, urine tests to measure protein levels (urinalysis and 24-hour urine collection), blood tests to assess kidney function, and sometimes kidney biopsy to identify the underlying pathology.

Treatment aims to reduce proteinuria, control symptoms, and address the underlying cause. It commonly includes the use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs, along with diuretics, blood pressure management, and dietary modifications such as reducing salt intake. In cases where secondary causes are identified, managing the primary condition is essential.

Prognosis varies depending on the cause and response to treatment. While some cases resolve with therapy, others may progress to chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal failure if not properly managed. Regular monitoring is key to managing nefroos effectively.