Neelum

Neelum, also spelled Neelam, is a river in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It originates in the high mountains of the western Himalayas near the border with Indian-administered Kashmir and flows through the Neelum Valley, a scenic corridor along the river. The valley passes through towns such as Sharda, Kel, and Taobat, and the river ultimately joins the Jhelum River within the Pakistani-administered region, contributing to its flow.

The Neelum Valley is known for its rugged peaks, dense forests, and alpine meadows. The river supports freshwater ecosystems and local fisheries, and the region is a destination for trekking, hiking, and ecotourism. Communities live along the river’s banks and depend on its waters for irrigation and daily life.

Hydrology and infrastructure play a significant role in the river’s modern use. The Neelum-Jhelum Hydropower Project, a major facility on the river with a capacity of about 969 megawatts, became operational in 2018 and contributes to Pakistan’s hydroelectric generation.

Culturally and historically, the Neelum River and valley hold significance for the Kashmiri people, reflecting the region’s natural heritage and resilience. The area is also exposed to natural hazards common to mountainous terrain, including earthquakes and landslides, which influence development and land use in the valley.