Ncadherins

N-cadherins are a type of cell adhesion molecule belonging to the cadherin superfamily. These transmembrane proteins play a crucial role in cell-cell recognition and adhesion, particularly within the nervous system. N-cadherins are characterized by their extracellular cadherin domains, which mediate homophilic binding to N-cadherins on adjacent cells, and an intracellular domain that interacts with the catenin protein complex. This intracellular interaction links the cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton, providing structural support and enabling signaling pathways. The expression of N-cadherins is often dynamic, changing during development and in response to physiological or pathological stimuli. In the developing nervous system, N-cadherins are essential for neuronal migration, axon guidance, and synapse formation. They contribute to the segregation of neuronal populations and the establishment of functional neural circuits. Beyond development, N-cadherins are implicated in maintaining tissue integrity and neuronal plasticity in the adult brain. Alterations in N-cadherin function and expression have been linked to various neurological disorders, including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and certain types of cancer where they can influence tumor invasiveness and metastasis. Their involvement in these processes highlights their significance in both normal cellular function and disease pathogenesis.