Nanofyllere

Nanofyllere are nanoscale filamentous materials designed as a versatile platform for advanced composites and devices. They consist of ultra-thin fibers with tunable chemistry, enabling precise control over mechanical, electrical, and surface properties. By adjusting composition and processing, nanofyllere can be tailored for high strength, electrical conduction, or functional coatings, while remaining compatible with conventional manufacturing methods.

Typical nanofyllere diameters range from 20 to 200 nanometers, with lengths extending from several micrometers to millimeters. They may be fabricated as core–shell structures, where a conductive core (carbon, metal, or conjugated polymer) is encased by a protective shell, or as homogeneous fibers of a single material. The fibers exhibit high aspect ratios, good fatigue resistance, and tunable conductivity and thermal stability.

Synthesis methods include electrospinning of tailored polymer blends, solution-based wet spinning, and template-assisted deposition. Post-synthesis processing such as surface functionalization, doping, or plasma treatment enables chemical compatibility with matrices and targeted interactions with biological or electronic interfaces. Manufacturing can be scaled toward sheet or fiber mats, with alignment control to influence mechanical reinforcement and anisotropic properties.

Applications span filtration membranes with high selectivity, reinforcement additives for polymers and ceramics, and energy storage electrodes in supercapacitors and lithium-based batteries. Nanofyllere are also explored as flexible sensors, wearable electronics, and scaffolds for tissue engineering. In catalysis, functionalized fibers can support nanoparticles or enzymes, enabling heterogeneous reaction platforms with increased surface area.

Research on nanofyllere began in the early 2010s, with continued development at academic and industrial laboratories. The technology emphasizes sustainability through material efficiency and recycling of fiber composites, while safety guidelines address inhalation risks during manufacturing and environmental fate of nanomaterials. As of today, nanofyllere remain an active area of study with evolving fabrication methods and applications.