Nahapõletusi

Nahapõletusi, also known as chilblains, are a common cold injury that affects the skin. They occur when prolonged exposure to cold temperatures, particularly damp cold, causes superficial blood vessels in the extremities to constrict. When the skin is then rewarmed, these constricted vessels dilate rapidly, leading to inflammation, redness, swelling, and itching.

The most commonly affected areas are the fingers, toes, nose, and ears, as these are the furthest from the body's core and most exposed to cold. People who spend a lot of time outdoors in cold, damp conditions, such as postal workers or those living in poorly heated homes, are more susceptible. Individuals with poor circulation, Raynaud's phenomenon, or certain connective tissue diseases may also be at higher risk.

Symptoms typically include a burning or itching sensation, followed by redness and swelling. In more severe cases, blisters can form, and the skin may become cracked or even ulcerated, increasing the risk of infection. Nahapõletusi are generally uncomfortable rather than dangerous, but persistent or severe cases can lead to complications.

Prevention is key and involves keeping the body warm and dry, wearing appropriate clothing in cold weather, and avoiding sudden temperature changes. If nahapõletusi occur, gentle rewarming of the affected area is recommended, along with avoiding scratching. Over-the-counter creams can help relieve itching. In cases of severe pain, blistering, or signs of infection, medical attention should be sought.