Nafusa

Nafusa refers to a region in western Libya centered on the Nafusa Mountains (Jabal Nafusa). The range runs along the western border with Tunisia, forming a geographic link between the coastal areas and the inland plains. The region is part of the broader historical area of Tripolitania and includes several towns, notably Nalut and Yafran, among others.

The Nafusa region is primarily inhabited by Amazigh (Berber) communities. The population maintains distinctive cultural traditions, and while Nafusi Arabic is widely spoken, some Berber languages are still present in smaller communities. The area is known for its fortified towns and, in some villages, cave dwellings carved into the rock, reflecting traditional architectural practices adapted to the mountainous terrain.

Historically, the Nafusa Mountains have played a significant role in Libyan history and culture, preserving Amazigh identity within the region. In the Libyan Civil War that began in 2011, western Nafusa towns were among the early centers of resistance against Muammar Gaddafi, with Nalut and Yafran among the notable local leaders in the rebel movement. Since then, the region has faced the broader security and political challenges that have affected many parts of Libya during the transitional period and subsequent years.

The landscape is rugged, characterized by limestone mountains and valleys that support agriculture in oases and cultivated areas. Traditional livelihoods include olives, barley, and date palm cultivation, alongside pastoral activities. The Nafusa Mountains are also associated with scenic routes and historic towns that feature kasbahs and other elements of Libyan architectural heritage.