NR2AD

NR2AD is a term found in neuroscience literature used to refer to the NR2 subunits of NMDA-type glutamate receptors. In some sources it denotes the NR2A and NR2D subunits specifically, while in others it is used as a shorthand for the NR2 family as a whole (NR2A–NR2D). There is no universally standardized protein by the name NR2AD, and the exact usage depends on the author or study. The NR2 subunits are encoded by the GRIN2A, GRIN2B, GRIN2C, and GRIN2D genes.

NMDA receptors are tetrameric ion channels that usually comprise two NR1 (GRIN1) subunits and two NR2 (GRIN2A–D) subunits, with possible incorporation of NR3 subunits in some assemblies. The NR2 subunits chiefly influence receptor properties such as channel gating kinetics, Mg2+ block, conductance, and pharmacological profile. Subtype composition affects synaptic localization and plasticity. For example, NR2A-containing receptors generally exhibit faster deactivation kinetics and are prominent in mature forebrain regions, whereas NR2D-containing receptors tend to have slower deactivation and are more common during development and in certain brain areas.

Differences among NR2A, NR2B, NR2C, and NR2D also extend to regional expression patterns and developmental timing, contributing to distinct roles in synaptic transmission and plasticity. The pharmacology of NR2-containing receptors is diverse, with specific subunits shaping sensitivity to ligands and antagonists, though highly selective agents for distinct NR2 subtypes are limited.

NR2AD-related discussions typically sit within broader considerations of NMDA receptor function, development, and neurophysiology. See also NMDA receptor, GRIN gene family, and synaptic plasticity.