NButane

n-Butane, also called normal butane, is the straight-chain isomer of butane with the chemical formula C4H10. It consists of a four-carbon alkane in a linear arrangement (CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3). It is one of two structural isomers of C4H10, the other being isobutane (methylpropane).

At room temperature, n-butane is a colorless gas. It has a boiling point of about −0.5 °C and can be easily liquefied under modest pressure for storage and transport. The vapor is denser than air, so leaks can collect in low-lying areas. Like other alkanes, it is highly flammable and forms explosive mixtures with air under certain concentrations.

Production and occurrence: n-Butane is obtained from petroleum refining and natural gas processing. After separation from heavier hydrocarbons, it can be purified for use or blended into LPG mixtures. It also serves as a petrochemical feedstock, where it can be converted into butenes and other chemicals through cracking and related processes.

Uses: In practical applications, n-butane is used as a fuel for portable lighters, camping stoves, and other compact heaters. It is a common component of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), often mixed with propane and sometimes isobutane. It also functions as a propellant in certain aerosols and as a blowing agent in foams and expanded polymers.

Safety and environment: n-Butane is highly flammable and can pose fire or explosion hazards. Leaks may displace oxygen in enclosed spaces, creating asphyxiation risk. It is not considered highly toxic, but handling requires appropriate precautions. Combustion releases carbon dioxide and water; as with other hydrocarbons, it contributes to greenhouse gas emissions.