Nýrnasjúkdómum

Nýrnasjúkdómum is the Icelandic term for kidney diseases. These conditions affect the kidneys' ability to filter waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, and produce important hormones. Kidney diseases can be acute, meaning they develop suddenly, or chronic, progressing slowly over time.

Common causes of kidney disease include diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the kidney's filtering units), polycystic kidney disease, and recurrent kidney infections. Factors like age, genetics, and certain medications can also increase the risk.

Symptoms of kidney disease can be varied and may not appear until the disease is advanced. These can include fatigue, swelling in the legs and ankles, changes in urination patterns (frequent urination, especially at night, or reduced urine output), nausea, loss of appetite, and muscle cramps. In severe cases, kidney failure can occur, requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant.

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure kidney function (like creatinine and urea levels) and urine tests to check for protein or blood. Imaging studies such as ultrasounds or CT scans may also be used.

Treatment strategies depend on the underlying cause and severity of the kidney disease. Management often focuses on controlling blood pressure and diabetes, dietary changes, and medications to manage symptoms and slow disease progression. In cases of kidney failure, renal replacement therapies are necessary. Early detection and management are crucial for preserving kidney function and improving outcomes.