Myofibroblastiset

Myofibroblastiset refers to the presence or characteristics associated with myofibroblasts, which are specialized cells playing a crucial role in tissue repair and wound healing. These cells are distinguished by their expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a protein typically found in smooth muscle cells, and their ability to contract. This contractile function allows myofibroblasts to generate force, which is essential for closing wounds and remodeling damaged tissue.

Myofibroblasts are not a distinct cell type but rather a transient cell phenotype that arises from various precursor cells, including fibroblasts, pericytes, and bone marrow-derived cells, under specific stimuli. These stimuli often involve transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), which promotes differentiation into the myofibroblast phenotype. Once their function in wound closure is complete, myofibroblasts typically undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death) or revert to a less active fibroblast state.

However, persistent myofibroblast activity can contribute to pathological conditions characterized by excessive tissue fibrosis, such as keloid formation, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and liver cirrhosis. In these cases, the sustained presence and activity of myofibroblasts lead to the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, resulting in tissue stiffening and organ dysfunction. Research into myofibroblast biology is ongoing, aiming to better understand their role in both normal healing and disease, and to develop therapeutic strategies for fibrotic disorders.