Mykorritat

Mykorritat, commonly referred to as mycorrhiza, describes a mutualistic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant. In this relationship, the plant supplies carbohydrates to the fungus, while the fungus extends the plant’s effective root system, aiding water and nutrient uptake and often improving soil structure and disease resistance. The association is widespread and ecologically important, influencing plant growth, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem productivity.

There are several major types of mykorritat. Ectomycorrhiza forms a sheath around the outside of root tips and a network called the Hartig net between root cortical cells; it is common in many trees, including pines and oaks. Endomycorrhiza, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the phylum Glomeromycota, colonize root cortical cells and create intracellular structures known as arbuscules where nutrient exchange occurs; AMF are widespread across most herbaceous plants and many crops. Other specialized forms exist, such as ericoid and orchid mycorrhiza, each associated with specific plant groups and fungal partners.

Ecological and agricultural relevance is substantial. Mykorritat enhance phosphorus and micronutrient uptake, improve drought tolerance, and influence plant community dynamics. They are investigated for sustainable agriculture, reforestation, and soil restoration as biofertilizers or inoculants. Management considerations include maintaining native soil biodiversity, avoiding disruption of established networks, and recognizing that benefits can vary with plant species, soil conditions, and environmental factors.

Research methods to study mykorritat include root staining, microscopy, and molecular techniques to identify fungal partners and quantify colonization.