Mykofenolaatia

Mykofenolaatia refers to the use of mycophenolic acid and its derivatives, most notably mycophenolate mofetil, as immunosuppressant medications. Mycophenolic acid is a potent inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), an enzyme crucial for the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides in lymphocytes. By blocking this pathway, mycophenolic acid effectively reduces the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, which are key players in immune responses and organ rejection.

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a prodrug that is rapidly converted to mycophenolic acid in the body. It is widely used in organ transplantation to prevent acute and chronic rejection of transplanted organs, including kidneys, hearts, and livers. It is often used in combination with other immunosuppressants like calcineurin inhibitors (e.g., cyclosporine or tacrolimus) and corticosteroids. Beyond transplantation, mycophenolate mofetil is also prescribed for various autoimmune diseases. These include systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, and certain types of inflammatory bowel disease.

The administration of mycophenolate mofetil is typically oral or intravenous. Common side effects can include gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting, as well as myelosuppression leading to leukopenia and anemia. Due to its immunosuppressive nature, there is an increased risk of infections and potential for the development of certain malignancies. Pregnant women are advised against using mycophenolate mofetil due to its teratogenic potential. Monitoring of blood counts and organ function is essential during treatment.