Multitheory

Multitheory is an analytical approach in the social sciences and related fields that seeks to integrate multiple theoretical traditions into a single analytic framework. Rather than applying a single theory to explain a phenomenon, multitheory combines concepts, assumptions, and methods from diverse theories to capture complexity, context, and interaction effects that a single lens may miss. The term is used across disciplines including sociology, psychology, political science, education, and information studies, and is associated with inter- and transdisciplinary research as well as meta-theoretical analysis.

Core idea and principles: Multitheory rests on the idea that phenomena are multifaceted and dynamic, requiring grounding in more than one theoretical perspective. It emphasizes compatibility and coherence among included theories, explicit articulation of theoretical contributions, and transparent justification for combining them. It encourages triangulation of data, methodological pluralism, and iterative theory-building, where empirical findings inform theory selection and adaptation.

Practice and methods: Researchers identify relevant theoretical strands, map their assumptions and implications, and develop an integrative framework that preserves the strengths of each component. Methods often include mixed methods, comparative case analysis, and concept mapping to align constructs across theories. The goal is to produce richer explanations and more robust predictions than any single theory could offer.

Criticism and challenges: Critics argue that multitheory can become unfocused or vague if not carefully scoped. Risks include theoretical redundancy, conflicts between incompatible assumptions, and difficulties in evaluation by journal reviewers accustomed to single-theory paradigms. Proponents contend that clear criteria for integration and explicit boundary-setting mitigate these concerns.

See also: Interdisciplinarity, Meta-theory, Integrative theory, Systems thinking.