Multicompartment

Multicompartment is a term used to describe systems, models, or devices that are divided into several discrete compartments connected by exchange processes. In modeling, each compartment is typically treated as a well-mixed volume with a single representative value (such as concentration or amount), and material, energy, or signals move between compartments according to defined transfer rates or flows. The approach allows the description of complex dynamics with a collection of simpler, interacting parts.

In pharmacokinetics, multicompartment models describe how a drug distributes and is eliminated after administration. Common configurations include two- or three-compartment models, where a central compartment (often blood plasma) exchanges with peripheral tissues. These models help predict concentration over time, dosing intervals, and half-lives.

In physiology and biology, multicompartment representations partition the body or an organ into compartments such as plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular space. This helps simulate distribution, clearance, tissue uptake, or disease-related changes, providing insights into processes that are difficult to measure directly.

In chemical engineering and related fields, multicompartment concepts appear in the design of multicompartment reactors or chromatography systems, where spatial or functional zones improve control, mixing, or separation.

In biomedical research, multicompartment frameworks underpin microphysiological systems and organ-on-a-chip technologies, where multiple tissue-like compartments interact through microchannels to emulate organ interfaces.

Limitations of multicompartment approaches include parameter identifiability, model selection challenges, and assumptions of uniform mixing within compartments. Adding compartments increases complexity and may require more data to constrain the model.