Moviles

Moviles, or mobile phones, are portable devices that enable voice calls, text messaging, and data communication over wireless networks. They combine a radio transceiver, a SIM or eSIM, an application processor, memory, a display, and a rechargeable battery. Modern moviles support services such as web access, email, apps, photography, and mobile payments.

Moviles emerged from early handheld radiotelephones in the late 20th century. The first widely marketed handheld mobile phone, the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X, appeared in 1983. The 1990s saw digital cellular networks (GSM, then CDMA) and SMS become common. In the 2000s smartphones—devices with advanced operating systems and touchscreens—redefined moviles as multifunction computing devices.

Cellular networks evolved from 2G to 3G, 4G LTE, and 5G, increasing data speeds and capacity. Typical operating systems include Android and iOS, with others such as KaiOS. Hardware features include multi-core processors, RAM, high-resolution cameras, sensors, and larger batteries. Connectivity encompasses Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, and GPS. App ecosystems provide communication, productivity, gaming, and services.

Moviles have become central to personal communication, work, and access to information, enabling mobile internet and an app economy. They influence social interaction, education, and commerce, while raising concerns about privacy, surveillance, screen time, and environmental impact from production and e-waste. Regional availability and affordability vary, prompting ongoing efforts to improve sustainability and digital inclusion.