Motorfehérjék

Motorfehérjék, commonly known as motor proteins, are a class of proteins that utilize chemical energy, typically from the hydrolysis of ATP, to perform mechanical work. These molecular machines are essential for a wide range of cellular processes, including intracellular transport, muscle contraction, cell division, and cell motility.

Key examples of motor proteins include myosin, kinesin, and dynein. Myosin is primarily involved in muscle contraction and also plays roles in intracellular transport. Kinesin and dynein are crucial for transporting cargo along microtubules, a type of cytoskeletal filament. Kinesins generally move towards the plus end of microtubules, while dyneins move towards the minus end.

The function of motor proteins relies on their ability to cycle through different conformational states, driven by the binding and hydrolysis of ATP. This conformational change allows them to bind to and detach from their tracks (e.g., actin filaments or microtubules) and to generate force and movement. The coordinated action of numerous motor proteins allows for the precise and efficient execution of complex cellular tasks. Their dysfunction can lead to various diseases, highlighting their fundamental importance in cellular biology.