Monopteridae

Monopteridae is a family of rays belonging to the order Myliobatiformes. This family contains a single genus, Monopterus, and several species. Rays in this family are characterized by their flattened bodies, pectoral fins fused to the head, and whip-like tails. Unlike some other rays, Monopteridae species do not possess a stinging barb on their tail. They are typically found in marine environments, inhabiting tropical and subtropical waters. Their diet primarily consists of small invertebrates found on the seafloor. Monopteridae rays are known for their relatively small size compared to some of their ray relatives. Reproduction in this family is ovoviviparous, meaning the eggs hatch inside the mother's body before live birth. The genus Monopterus includes species such as the Whitespotted eagle ray. These fish play a role in their ecosystem as both predators of small benthic organisms and as prey for larger marine animals. Information regarding their conservation status varies by species, with some populations facing threats from overfishing and habitat degradation.