Monoaminiinooksidaasi

Monoaminiinooksidaasi, often abbreviated as MAO, refers to a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamines. These enzymes are crucial for the metabolism of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, as well as various other biogenic amines. There are two main types of MAO: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B).

MAO-A primarily metabolizes serotonin, melatonin, and epinephrine, while MAO-B preferentially metabolizes phenylethylamine and benzylamine. Both types, however, can metabolize dopamine and tyramine. MAO enzymes are found in various tissues throughout the body, including the liver, brain, and intestines. Their activity is essential for regulating the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain, which in turn influences mood, cognition, and behavior.

Inhibition of MAO enzymes is a mechanism of action for a class of antidepressant medications known as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). By preventing the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters, MAOIs can increase their availability in the synaptic cleft, thereby alleviating symptoms of depression. However, MAOIs can also interact with certain foods containing tyramine, leading to potentially dangerous increases in blood pressure. Therefore, strict dietary restrictions are often necessary for individuals taking MAOI medications. Research continues into the precise roles of MAO-A and MAO-B in various neurological and psychiatric conditions.