Monckebergmeszesedés

Monckeberg meszesedés is a form of arteriosclerosis that affects the tunica media, or middle layer, of the arterial walls. This condition is characterized by the calcification of smooth muscle cells within the arterial wall, leading to stiffening and narrowing of the arteries. It is distinct from atherosclerosis, which involves the buildup of plaque within the intima, or inner layer, of the arteries. Monckeberg meszesedés primarily affects medium-sized and large arteries, often seen in the peripheral arteries of the limbs, but can also involve the coronary arteries.

The exact cause of Monckeberg meszesedés is not fully understood, but it is strongly associated with aging. Other risk factors include chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and certain genetic predispositions. Unlike typical atherosclerosis, Monckeberg meszesedés does not typically cause significant lumenal obstruction or the formation of atheromatous plaques that can lead to thrombus formation and embolism. However, the arterial stiffening it causes can lead to decreased arterial compliance, increased pulse pressure, and impaired blood flow, potentially contributing to conditions like hypertension and ischemic events, particularly in the extremities. Diagnosis is typically made through imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or angiography, which reveal the characteristic calcifications in the arterial walls. Treatment focuses on managing associated risk factors and addressing any resultant complications.