Momentinmuuntimet

Momentinmuuntimet, often translated as "moment converters" or "torque converters," are devices used in mechanical power transmission. Their primary function is to transfer rotational power from a source, such as an engine, to a load, such as a vehicle's transmission, while also allowing for variations in speed and torque. Unlike a simple clutch, a momentinmuunnin employs fluid to achieve this transfer.

The core components of a typical momentinmuunnin include a pump impeller, a turbine, and a stator. The pump impeller is connected to the engine's crankshaft and rotates, flinging transmission fluid outwards. This moving fluid then strikes the blades of the turbine, which is connected to the transmission input shaft, causing it to rotate. The stator, positioned between the impeller and turbine, redirects the fluid flow. At low engine speeds, the stator redirects the fluid in a way that increases torque, effectively multiplying it. As engine speed increases, the stator's angle changes, allowing for more direct fluid transfer and reducing torque multiplication.

Momentinmuuntimet are commonly found in automatic transmissions for automobiles, where they provide a smooth engagement of power and allow the engine to idle while the vehicle is stationary. They also help to absorb shocks and vibrations from the drivetrain. While highly effective for their intended purpose, they can introduce some energy losses due to fluid slippage, leading to slightly lower fuel efficiency compared to purely mechanical systems.