Molekh

Molekh, also spelled Moloch, was a deity mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, particularly in the Old Testament. The term "molekh" itself may refer to a type of sacrifice rather than a specific deity, possibly derived from the Semitic root for "king." Biblical passages, such as Leviticus 18:21 and 2 Kings 23:10, associate Molekh worship with the practice of child sacrifice, often involving passing children through fire. This practice is condemned as an abomination by the biblical authors, who link it to the Canaanites and Ammonites.

The exact nature and identity of Molekh have been subjects of scholarly debate. Some scholars believe Molekh was a distinct god worshipped in the Levant, while others suggest it was a sacrificial ritual adopted by various cultures in the region. Archaeological evidence for the direct worship of a deity named Molekh is scarce and often interpreted in conjunction with inscriptions and references to similar deities or practices found in Punic and other Semitic contexts. The biblical condemnations portray Molekh worship as a foreign and abhorrent practice, contrasting it with the monotheistic worship of Yahweh. The historical and religious significance of Molekh remains a topic of ongoing research and interpretation.