Molche

Molche, the German term for newts, refer to a diverse group of salamanders in the family Salamandridae. They are notable for a life cycle that alternates between aquatic breeding sites and damp terrestrial habitats, and for relatively long lifespans compared with many other amphibians.

Newts are divided into several genera, including Triturus, Lissotriton, Cynops, Notophthalmus, and Ichthyosaura, among others. They are distributed across Europe, Asia, and North America, occupying ponds, wetlands, streams, and surrounding woodlands. Adults typically range from a few to several centimeters in length, with smooth or slightly rough skin and a tail adapted for swimming. Many species exhibit an eft, or juvenile terrestrial stage, after metamorphosis; during this period individuals may roam on land for months or years before returning to water to breed.

Reproduction occurs in water. Females lay eggs attached to aquatic vegetation; the eggs hatch into free-swimming larvae with external gills, which later undergo metamorphosis. Diet consists of aquatic invertebrates and small prey, with adults foraging on land or in water depending on the species and life stage.

Some newts have skin toxins or warning coloration as defenses. Conservation status varies by species; widespread habitat destruction, water pollution, and climate change threaten many populations. Protected areas and pollution controls have been important for preserving several species of this group.