Misocclusion

Misocclusion is a term used in dentistry to describe any abnormal contact between the teeth of the upper and lower jaws during their functional movements. This can include not only the static position of the teeth when the jaws are closed (centric occlusion) but also the dynamic movements like chewing and sliding the jaw forward or sideways. Essentially, it refers to any deviation from ideal or harmonious tooth contacts.

Several factors can lead to misocclusion. These can include genetic predispositions affecting jaw and tooth development, developmental issues during childhood, habits such as thumb-sucking or tongue thrusting, premature loss of teeth, or the eruption of impacted teeth. Trauma to the jaw or teeth can also contribute to misocclusion.

The consequences of misocclusion can vary widely. Some individuals may experience no symptoms, while others might develop problems such as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, which can cause jaw pain, clicking, and limited movement. Misocclusion can also lead to uneven wear on the teeth, chipped or fractured teeth, gum recession, and bone loss around the teeth. Furthermore, it can affect the efficiency of chewing and contribute to difficulties in speaking clearly. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough dental examination, including assessment of tooth contacts during various jaw movements and potentially the use of dental models or imaging. Treatment options depend on the severity and cause of the misocclusion and may include orthodontic treatment, restorative dental work, or adjustments to the biting surfaces of the teeth.