Mikrohüdroelektrijaamade

Mikrohüdroelektrijaamade, also known as micro hydropower plants, are small-scale hydroelectric power systems. They are typically designed to generate electricity for individual households, farms, or small communities. The power output of a micro hydropower plant is generally less than 100 kilowatts (kW). These systems harness the energy of flowing water, similar to larger hydroelectric dams, but on a much smaller scale.

The fundamental principle behind micro hydropower is the conversion of the kinetic and potential energy of water into mechanical energy, which then drives a generator to produce electricity. Water is channeled from a source, such as a river or stream, to a turbine. The force of the water causes the turbine to rotate, and this rotational energy is transferred to a generator, producing electrical power. The size and type of turbine used depend on the available water flow and head (the vertical distance the water falls). Common types include impulse turbines like Pelton or cross-flow turbines, and reaction turbines like Francis or propeller turbines.

Micro hydropower systems are considered a renewable energy source because they utilize the natural flow of water, which is replenished through the water cycle. They are often deployed in remote or off-grid locations where access to conventional electricity grids is difficult or expensive. The environmental impact is generally minimal compared to larger hydropower projects, as they require less land alteration and have fewer effects on aquatic ecosystems. Installation can be relatively straightforward, and the operational costs are typically low once the initial investment is made.