Mikrocefaali

Mikrocefaali is a neurological condition characterized by an abnormally small head circumference. The head size is typically measured by a healthcare professional and compared to standard growth charts for age and sex. A diagnosis of mikrocefaali is made when the head circumference falls significantly below the average for a given age.

This condition can be congenital, meaning it is present at birth, or it can develop later in infancy or childhood. There are various causes for mikrocefaali, some of which are genetic. Other causes can include environmental factors that affect brain development during pregnancy, such as certain infections (like Zika virus), exposure to toxins, or severe malnutrition. In some cases, the exact cause may remain unknown.

Mikrocefaali can be associated with a range of developmental and neurological issues. The severity of these associated problems can vary greatly depending on the underlying cause and the extent of brain development affected. These issues may include intellectual disability, developmental delays in motor skills and speech, seizures, and problems with vision and hearing.

Diagnosis is typically made through physical examination and measurement of head circumference. Prenatal ultrasound can sometimes detect mikrocefaali during pregnancy. Further investigations, such as genetic testing or brain imaging (like MRI), may be performed to identify the cause and assess the extent of brain abnormalities. There is no cure for mikrocefaali itself, but management focuses on addressing the associated symptoms and providing supportive care and therapies to maximize the individual's potential. Early intervention and ongoing medical and therapeutic support are crucial for individuals diagnosed with this condition.