Midcarpale

Midcarpale, more commonly written midcarpal, refers to the set of articulations between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones in the wrist. It is a complex, compound joint that works in concert with the radiocarpal joint to enable wrist motion. The proximal row comprises the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum, while the distal row includes the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.

The midcarpal joint consists of multiple articulations forming two functional compartments, typically described as lateral (radial) and medial (ulnar). These articulations allow gliding movements with some rotational play between the carpal bones, contributing largely to wrist flexion and extension and assisting in radial and ulnar deviation.

Ligaments and cartilage stabilize the joint: the articular surfaces are covered with hyaline cartilage and supported by intrinsic ligaments that connect neighboring carpal bones. This network helps transmit load and maintain alignment during wrist motion, while allowing the nuanced movements that accompany everyday hand function.

Clinical relevance includes midcarpal instability and degenerative changes affecting wrist kinematics. Trauma, such as falls on an outstretched hand, can disrupt the carpal rows and lead to pain or restricted motion. Diagnosis typically involves imaging and clinical examination, and treatment ranges from conservative management to surgical stabilization or reconstruction in cases of persistent instability or arthritis.