Microporoinen

Microporoinen describes materials that possess micropores, tiny pores with dimensions below about 2 nanometers. Micropo rooinen materials can be crystalline or amorphous and typically exhibit high specific surface areas and strong adsorption for small molecules.

The defining feature is a pore-size distribution dominated by micropores, which enables selective sorption and diffusion for small gases and liquids while hindering larger species. Common examples include zeolites, activated carbons, and various microporous polymers and metal-organic frameworks.

Synthesis and characterization: microporoinen structures are produced by methods such as hydrothermal synthesis (for zeolites), templated polymerization, chemical activation of carbon, or solvent-assisted crystal growth. Characterization relies on gas adsorption isotherms to derive surface area (BET) and pore-size distribution (NLDFT or related methods).

Applications: The microporoinen trait makes these materials valuable for gas separation and purification (for example CO2 capture and O2/N2 separation), catalysis, hydrogen storage, and environmental cleanup. In energy storage, microporous carbons and MOFs are explored for high-surface-area electrodes and supercapacitors.

Notes: Microporoinen is closely related to the broader concepts of porous materials and is often considered alongside mesoporous and macroporous materials. Representative microporous materials include zeolite 13X, activated carbon, and several MOFs such as ZIF-8, which combine micro-porosity with chemical tunability.