Microcontrast

Microcontrast refers to the local contrast within an image, specifically the difference in brightness between adjacent pixels or small regions. Unlike global contrast, which affects the overall range of tones in an image, microcontrast focuses on the fine details and textures. It plays a crucial role in perceived sharpness and clarity. High microcontrast makes details appear crisper and more defined, while low microcontrast can lead to a softer or flatter appearance.

This effect is often manipulated in image processing software through techniques like unsharp masking or clarity adjustments. These tools work by selectively increasing the contrast along edges and between neighboring areas. Photographers and image editors use microcontrast adjustments to enhance textures, bring out fine details in subjects like hair or foliage, and improve the overall sense of depth and dimensionality in a photograph.

However, excessive microcontrast can lead to undesirable artifacts, such as halos around sharp edges or an unnatural, "crunchy" look. Therefore, achieving a pleasing microcontrast balance is a key aspect of image retouching and post-processing. It's distinct from the concept of "true contrast," which is a fundamental property of light and shadow, and instead describes a characteristic that can be altered during image capture or manipulation.