Microcarbo

Microcarbo is a genus of small cormorants within the family Phalacrocoracidae. It was established to group several diminutive cormorant species that genetic and morphological analyses suggested form a distinct lineage separate from the larger species traditionally placed in Phalacrocorax. Not all authorities accept Microcarbo as a valid genus; some taxonomic treatments retain these species within Phalacrocorax. The name combines the prefix micro- meaning small with a stem that reflects the traditional cormorant lineage.

Biology and identification: Members of Microcarbo are among the smallest cormorants. They are typically dark above, with slender bills and relatively compact bodies, and in some species show lighter throat or chest markings. They are highly aquatic, foraging mainly by pursuit diving for fish, crustaceans, and other small aquatic prey. They breed in colonies near water, constructing nests of sticks in trees, shrubs, or on cliff ledges, and both parents participate in incubation and chick rearing.

Distribution and habitat: Microcarbo species occur in warm regions across Africa, Asia, and parts of Oceania. They inhabit coastal lagoons, rivers, and lakes, often favoring productive waters near human activities where fish are abundant.

Conservation: The conservation status varies by species. Overall, several Microcarbo species are listed as Least Concern due to wide ranges and stable populations, while others with restricted ranges face localized threats from habitat loss and overfishing.

Representative species: The little cormorant, Microcarbo niger, is a widely distributed member of the group, occurring across sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia.