Metronidatsoli

Metronidatsoli is the Italian name for metronidazole, a nitroimidazole antimicrobial agent used to treat a range of anaerobic bacterial infections and protozoal diseases. It is commonly employed for infections caused by anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroides and Clostridium species, and for protozoal infections including Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Trichomonas vaginalis. It is not active against most aerobic bacteria.

The mechanism of action involves reduction of the nitro group within susceptible microorganisms, generating reactive intermediates that damage DNA and other cellular components. This leads to DNA strand breaks and cell death. Metronidatsoli is typically bactericidal for susceptible anaerobes and protozoa.

Metronidatsoli is available for oral use and by intravenous infusion. It is well absorbed orally, distributes widely in body tissues and fluids, including the central nervous system, and is metabolized in the liver with several inactive metabolites formed. The remainder is excreted in urine. The elimination half-life is generally around 8 hours, and dosing may be adjusted in hepatic impairment. It crosses the placenta and is present in breast milk; use during pregnancy or lactation should be guided by clinical need.

Common adverse effects include nausea, dry mouth, a metallic taste, and dark-colored urine. With prolonged use, peripheral neuropathy or cerebellar ataxia can occur. A disulfiram-like reaction may occur with alcohol consumption during therapy and for 24 to 48 hours after completion. Warfarin and other anticoagulants can interact, requiring monitoring.

Resistance can arise in some anaerobes through specific resistance mechanisms. Metronidatsoli remains a key agent for selected anaerobic bacterial and protozoal infections, with routine use guided by susceptibility and clinical factors.