Meteoroloji

Meteorology is the scientific study of the Earth's atmosphere and the processes that produce weather and climate. It examines the physical and chemical properties of air, its motion, and its interactions with the surface, oceans, and biosphere. The discipline encompasses weather observation, forecasting, and climate research. In Turkish, the field is called Meteoroloji and many countries maintain national meteorological services to monitor atmospheric conditions and issue forecasts.

Methods rely on observations and models. Data are gathered from surface weather stations, radiosondes, aircraft, ships, radar, and weather satellites. These observations feed numerical weather prediction models that simulate atmospheric behavior. Data assimilation integrates measurements into computer forecasts. Meteorology also uses physical theory, laboratory experiments, and statistical techniques to understand and predict atmospheric processes at different scales—from local to global.

Forecasts range from nowcasting and short-term predictions to seasonal outlooks. Meteorological services issue warnings for storms, heat waves, frost, and other hazards to protect lives and property. The field also informs climate research, agriculture, aviation, and disaster management, and contributes to environmental monitoring and policy development.

Key organizations include the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), which coordinates international observations and standards, and national agencies such as Turkey's Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü (MGM).