Meteorologjia

Meteorologjia, the Albanian term for meteorology, is the science of the Earth's atmosphere and the phenomena that determine weather and climate. It involves observing, understanding, and predicting atmospheric states and their changes, including temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation, and cloud formation.

Meteorologjia relies on a wide range of observations. Surface weather stations, upper-atmosphere radiosondes, weather radar, weather satellites, ships, and buoys provide data that describe current conditions and recent trends. These observations are organized into data networks and are shared internationally.

A central method in meteorologjia is numerical weather prediction, which uses computer models based on the laws of physics and fluid dynamics. Data assimilation combines observations with model output to produce accurate initial conditions for forecasts. Researchers also study atmospheric chemistry, cloud microphysics, and thermodynamics to explain processes such as convection and storm development.

Applications include weather forecasting for aviation, agriculture, energy, and disaster risk management. Long-term climate research examines patterns, variability, and trends related to natural cycles and human-caused changes in greenhouse gas concentrations.

The field developed from practical weather observation to a rigorous science with the advent of instruments, weather maps, and computer models in the 20th century. Education in meteorologjia is offered at universities and research institutes, often within earth sciences or atmospheric sciences. International coordination is led by organizations such as the World Meteorological Organization, and national meteorological services provide daily forecasts and climate data.