Metateesireaktioissa

Metateesireaktioissa refers to reactions that occur to a patient receiving a transfusion of blood products. These reactions can range in severity from mild to life-threatening and are often categorized based on their timing and specific cause.

Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions are a serious and immediate complication, typically caused by ABO incompatibility where the recipient's antibodies attack the transfused red blood cells. Symptoms can include fever, chills, back pain, dark urine, and a drop in blood pressure. Non-hemolytic febrile transfusion reactions are more common and characterized by a sudden rise in body temperature during or shortly after a transfusion, usually due to recipient antibodies reacting with donor white blood cells or cytokines released from stored blood products. Allergic reactions, ranging from mild urticaria (hives) to anaphylaxis, can occur due to recipient antibodies reacting with plasma proteins in the transfused product. Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a potentially severe reaction characterized by acute respiratory distress, thought to be caused by donor antibodies activating recipient neutrophils in the lungs.

Delayed transfusion reactions, occurring days to weeks after a transfusion, can include delayed hemolytic reactions, where recipient antibodies, often at a low titer, are reactivated and cause a slower destruction of transfused red blood cells. Post-transfusion purpura is a rare but serious reaction characterized by a sudden drop in platelet count several days after a transfusion, often due to antibodies against platelet antigens. Recognizing and managing metateesireaktioissa is crucial for patient safety in blood product transfusions.