Metalwrapped

Metalwrapped refers to structures in which a core material is coated with a metallic layer, forming a core–shell or sheath-like configuration. The term is used across nanomaterials, fibers, and thin films to describe metal-coated versions of carbon nanotubes, polymer fibers, semiconductor particles, or ceramic grains. The metal shell can range from a few nanometers to tens of nanometers and modifies surface properties while preserving much of the core's characteristics.

Synthesis methods include electroplating, electroless plating, chemical reduction, sputtering, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and atomic layer deposition. Wrapping can also be achieved by mechanical winding or extrusion methods that apply a metallic wrap around a core. Choice of metal—such as gold, silver, nickel, copper, platinum, or aluminum—depends on desired conductivity, catalysis, and chemical compatibility, as well as the intended application.

The metal shell typically increases electrical conductivity, chemical and thermal stability, and resistance to wear; it can also alter optical properties through surface plasmon effects and enable catalytic activity at the shell surface. The presence of a metal layer can improve interfacial bonding and serve as a barrier to diffusion between core and environment.

Applications include electronics interconnects and contacts, sensors, catalysis, energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors, antimicrobial coatings, and protective or optical coatings. Challenges encompass adhesion between metal and core, diffusion and intermetallic formation, precise thickness control, residual stress, cost, and scalability, especially for non-planar shapes or nanoscale cores.