Metallschaumproduktion

Metallschaumproduktion refers to the manufacturing processes used to create metallic foams. These materials are characterized by a high porosity, consisting of a solid metal matrix with a significant volume fraction of gas-filled pores. The production methods aim to introduce and stabilize these pores within the molten or solid metal.

One common method is the blowing agent technique. This involves adding a blowing agent, typically a metal hydride or a gas-releasing powder, to molten metal. Upon heating, the blowing agent decomposes, releasing gas that expands the melt, forming the foamed structure. The viscosity of the molten metal and the rate of gas evolution are critical factors in controlling the pore size and distribution.

Another approach is casting with a pre-formed foam structure. In this method, a sacrificial material, such as a polymer foam or a ceramic sponge, is infiltrated with molten metal. After solidification, the sacrificial material is removed, leaving behind a metallic foam with a structure replicating the original template.

Powder metallurgy techniques are also employed. Metal powders are mixed with a pore-forming agent, such as polymer beads or gas-generating powders. This mixture is then compacted and sintered. During sintering, the metal particles fuse, and the pore-forming agent either burns out or decomposes, creating the foam structure.

Electrochemical deposition can also be used to produce metallic foams, particularly for thin-film or coating applications, where a porous metallic layer is built up on a substrate. Each production method offers advantages in terms of cost, achievable foam properties, and suitability for different metal alloys and applications, ranging from lightweight structural components to energy absorption devices and thermal insulation.