Mestruale

Mestruale is an Italian term used to describe menstruation and the monthly menstrual cycle. In medical and everyday language, it refers to processes related to the shedding of the uterine lining and the reproductive cycle.

The cycle is governed by hormones from the brain and ovaries. FSH and LH regulate ovarian follicles and ovulation; estrogen builds the endometrium, while progesterone dominates after ovulation. If fertilization does not occur, hormone levels fall and menstruation begins.

Typical cycle length is 21 to 35 days; menstruation lasts about 2 to 7 days. Blood loss usually ranges from 30 to 80 milliliters, with substantial individual variation. Common symptoms include cramps, fatigue, and mood changes.

Irregularities include amenorrhea (no periods), oligomenorrhea (infrequent periods), and polymenorrhea (frequent periods). Disorders include dysmenorrhea (painful cramps), menorrhagia (heavy bleeding), and PMS or PMDD. When abnormal bleeding, severe pain, or cycle changes occur, medical advice is advised.

Menstrual health involves hygiene and personal products, and cycle tracking can aid health monitoring. Education and access to care support management of symptoms and conditions across life stages.

Etymology: mestruale derives from Latin mensis, meaning month. In Italian, it denotes anything relating to menstruation or the menstrual cycle.