Merenduspoliitika

Merenduspoliitika is the maritime policy of a state, comprising the set of goals, principles and instruments through which a country governs its sea areas, coastal zones and sea-based activities. It integrates economic development, environmental stewardship, security, and governance to manage the use of marine resources and sea lanes.

The scope of merenduspoliitika typically includes shipping and port infrastructure, maritime transport safety and security, fisheries and offshore resources, marine energy, and maritime spatial planning. It also covers environmental protection of the marine environment, pollution response, biodiversity conservation, and climate-related risks. Research, innovation and skilled workforce development in maritime sectors are commonly emphasized as well, along with international cooperation on cross-border issues in shared seas.

Governance structures for merenduspoliitika usually involve multiple ministries or government agencies, such as those responsible for transport, economy, environment, and defense, often supported by a dedicated maritime administration or agency. Policy instruments can include legislation, regulatory standards, port and fleet subsidies, safety and environmental requirements, as well as investments in port infrastructure, digital monitoring, and data collection. International cooperation plays a key role, with participation in organizations such as the International Maritime Organization, adherence to UNCLOS, and regional partnerships.

Debates surrounding merenduspoliitika often focus on balancing economic growth with environmental protection, ensuring energy security, maintaining coastal resilience, and managing maritime spatial planning in crowded sea areas. Challenges also include adapting to climate change, digitalization, and competition among ports within regional and global networks.

See also: maritime policy, blue economy, maritime spatial planning, integrated maritime policy, Baltic Sea policy.