Meningitída

Meningitída is the inflammation of the meninges, which are the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. This inflammation can be caused by infections, including bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, as well as non-infectious causes like certain autoimmune diseases or drug reactions.

Bacterial meningitis is a serious condition that can rapidly become life-threatening. It is often characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms such as high fever, severe headache, stiff neck, sensitivity to light, confusion, and sometimes a rash. Prompt medical attention and antibiotic treatment are crucial for survival and to prevent long-term complications. Vaccination is available for some types of bacterial meningitis, such as pneumococcal and meningococcal meningitis.

Viral meningitis is generally less severe than bacterial meningitis and often resolves on its own without specific treatment. Symptoms can include fever, headache, and a stiff neck, but are typically milder. Supportive care, such as rest and fluids, is usually recommended.

Fungal meningitis is rare and typically affects individuals with weakened immune systems. Symptoms can develop more gradually and may include fever, headache, stiff neck, and confusion. Antifungal medications are used to treat fungal meningitis.

Diagnosis of meningitis often involves a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to analyze cerebrospinal fluid for signs of infection or inflammation. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Prevention strategies include vaccination, good hygiene practices, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals.