Memóriahiba

Memóriahiba is a term used to describe a class of memory errors in which recall is systematically distorted to fit prior beliefs, expectations, or social cues, producing memories that are plausible but inaccurate. The phenomenon is discussed in some cognitive science and philosophy writings as a way to highlight how reconstructive memory can yield patterned distortions rather than random errors.

The term appears as a neologism rather than a standardized category. It blends memória, meaning memory, with hiba, meaning error, and has been used in cross-linguistic discussions, particularly in Portuguese- and Hungarian-language contexts. Because it is not an established scientific label, its exact definition and boundaries can vary among writers, and it is sometimes applied to both human memory and, in speculative or theoretical work, artificial memory systems.

Mechanisms commonly associated with memóriahiba include encoding biases shaped by schemas and prior knowledge, reconstructive retrieval processes that revise details during recall, and interference from subsequent information. Emotional arousal, social influence, and normative scripts can also steer memories toward coherence with expectations. In discussions of artificial memory systems, memóriahiba may refer to programmed retrieval biases that yield user-conforming or misleading recollections.

Relation to established concepts is close but not identical. Memóriahiba is often described as overlapping with false memory, memory bias, confabulation, and the misinformation effect, while emphasizing patterned or script-like distortions rather than isolated inaccuracies.

See also: false memory, memory bias, confabulation, misinformation effect, memory consolidation, reconstructive memory.