Melléküreggyulladás

Melléküreggyulladás, more commonly known as sinusitis, is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. These air-filled cavities are located within the bones of the face and skull, surrounding the nasal passages. When these sinuses become inflamed and blocked, mucus can accumulate, leading to infection and discomfort.

The causes of sinusitis are varied. Viral infections, such as the common cold, are the most frequent culprits, often leading to acute sinusitis. Bacterial infections can also develop, sometimes as a secondary complication of a viral illness. Fungal infections are less common but can occur, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. Other contributing factors include allergies, nasal polyps, deviated septums, and changes in air pressure.

Symptoms of sinusitis typically include facial pain or pressure, particularly around the eyes, cheeks, and forehead. Nasal congestion, thick nasal discharge (which may be clear, yellow, or green), postnasal drip, reduced sense of smell, and sometimes headache or fever are also common. In chronic sinusitis, symptoms persist for 12 weeks or longer, often with less severe but more persistent discomfort.

Diagnosis is usually based on a patient's medical history and a physical examination, which may include looking inside the nasal passages. Imaging studies like X-rays, CT scans, or MRI may be used in persistent or complicated cases to assess the extent of the inflammation and identify any underlying structural issues.

Treatment for sinusitis depends on the underlying cause and severity. For viral sinusitis, symptom management with decongestants, pain relievers, and saline nasal rinses is often sufficient. Antibiotics are prescribed for bacterial infections. Antihistamines and nasal corticosteroids may be used to address allergic triggers. In chronic or severe cases, surgery might be considered to improve sinus drainage.