Meliorants

Meliorants are substances added to soil to improve its physical properties, such as structure, drainage, and aeration. They are distinct from fertilizers, which primarily aim to supply nutrients. Meliorants work by altering the soil's physical characteristics, making it more conducive to plant growth.

Common examples of meliorants include organic matter such as compost, manure, and peat. These materials enhance soil aggregation, increase water-holding capacity in sandy soils, and improve drainage in clay soils. They also contribute to soil aeration by creating larger pore spaces. Gypsum is another important meliorant, particularly effective in sodic or saline soils. It helps to replace sodium ions with calcium ions, improving soil structure and reducing dispersion. Lime is also frequently used as a meliorant, especially in acidic soils. While it primarily functions to raise soil pH, it also improves soil aggregation and nutrient availability by altering chemical reactions within the soil. The choice of meliorant depends on the specific soil deficiencies and the desired improvements. Their application is a key practice in soil management and land reclamation.