Meibomio

Meibomio refers to the Meibomian glands, a group of sebaceous glands embedded in the tarsal plates of the eyelids. These glands run vertically within both the upper and lower lids and drain through orifices along the lid margin near the eyelashes. There are dozens of Meibomian glands in each eyelid.

Function and secretions: The glands produce meibum, a lipid-rich secretion that forms the outer lipid layer of the tear film. This layer helps prevent tear evaporation, stabilizes the tear film, and lubricates the ocular surface. Meibum contains wax esters, cholesterol esters, and polar lipids.

Clinical relevance: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a common condition in which the glands become blocked or produce altered secretions. MGD is a leading cause of evaporative dry eye and may be associated with blepharitis and rosacea. Symptoms include dry or gritty sensation, burning, and fluctuating vision. Diagnosis typically involves slit-lamp examination, assessment of gland expressibility, and meibography to visualize gland morphology.

Treatment: Management emphasizes improving gland function and tear film stability. This includes eyelid hygiene and warm compresses to liquefy gland secretions, lid massages, and, when appropriate, anti-inflammatory medications such as doxycycline or other tetracyclines. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements are sometimes recommended. In refractory cases, in-office therapies like thermal pulsation (for example, LipiFlow) and, in some settings, intense pulsed light therapy may be used to restore gland function and reduce symptoms.

History and naming: The glands are named after Heinrich Meibom (Meibomian glands), a 17th-century German anatomist who described them.