Meganeura

Meganeura is an extinct genus of large dragonflies that lived during the Carboniferous period, approximately 300 million years ago. These insects are renowned for their impressive size, with the largest known species, Meganeura monyi, possessing a wingspan of up to 70 centimeters (28 inches), making them among the largest flying insects that have ever lived. Their fossilized remains are primarily found in Europe, particularly in France and the United Kingdom.

The exceptional size of Meganeura is thought to be related to the higher atmospheric oxygen levels present during the Carboniferous period. Higher oxygen concentrations would have allowed these insects to more efficiently respire through their tracheal systems, supporting larger body sizes. Meganeura were predatory, likely feeding on smaller flying insects and possibly terrestrial invertebrates. Their elongated bodies and two pairs of powerful wings would have enabled them to be agile hunters in the ancient forests. The fossil record indicates that these creatures were abundant in freshwater environments, which would have provided a rich source of food and suitable conditions for their larval stages.