Medijev

Medijev refers to the medieval period of European history, generally considered to span from the late 5th century to the late 15th century. This era followed the fall of the Western Roman Empire and preceded the Renaissance. It is often subdivided into the Early Middle Ages, High Middle Ages, and Late Middle Ages, each with distinct characteristics.

The Early Middle Ages, sometimes called the Dark Ages, were marked by fragmentation of political power, the rise of Germanic kingdoms, and the influence of the Church. The High Middle Ages saw the growth of centralized monarchies, feudalism, the Crusades, and the development of great cathedrals. The Late Middle Ages were characterized by challenges such as the Black Death, the Hundred Years' War, and internal strife within the Church, leading to significant social and economic shifts.

Key developments during the medieval period include the establishment of universities, advancements in architecture like Gothic cathedrals, the evolution of legal systems, and the spread of Christianity across Europe. Art and literature flourished, often with religious themes. The concept of knighthood and chivalry also emerged during this time. The influence of the Byzantine Empire and the Islamic world also played a significant role in shaping medieval Europe. The end of the medieval period is often associated with events like the invention of the printing press and the Age of Exploration.