Maxalt

Maxalt is a brand-name medication that contains sumatriptan, a selective agonist of the 5-HT1B/1D receptors. It is used for the acute treatment of migraine attacks with or without aura in adults.

Mechanism of action: Sumatriptan reduces migraine pain by causing constriction of cranial blood vessels and by inhibiting release of neuropeptides involved in migraine pathophysiology, including CGRP. This helps alleviate headache and associated symptoms.

Forms and dosing: Maxalt is available as oral tablets and as orally disintegrating tablets (Maxalt MLT). Common strengths are 5 mg and 10 mg. Dosing is individualized; a second dose may be taken after at least 2 hours if needed. The total daily dose should follow the prescribing information and labeling.

Contraindications and cautions: Maxalt is contraindicated in patients with ischemic heart disease, history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, or uncontrolled hypertension. It should not be used with ergot-containing medications or with other triptans within 24 hours. Individuals should be advised about potential cardiovascular symptoms, such as chest discomfort, and to seek medical attention if they occur.

Side effects and interactions: Common adverse effects include dizziness, drowsiness, tingling or warmth, tightness or pressure in the chest or throat, and nausea. Rare but serious events include myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and stroke. Interactions include avoidance with MAO inhibitors and with ergot drugs; caution is advised when coadministering with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or other serotonergic agents due to potential risk of serotonin syndrome.

Pregnancy and lactation: Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed; sumatriptan can pass into breast milk, so a clinician should be consulted regarding use during lactation.