Materijal
Materijal is a substance or mixture used to make an object or to achieve a particular function. In science and engineering, it is defined by its properties, internal structure, and the way it has been processed. Materials are selected and designed to meet specific performance criteria under expected service conditions, balancing factors such as strength, weight, durability, cost, and environmental impact.
Common classes of materials include metals (for example steel and aluminum), polymers (plastics and resins), ceramics
Material properties encompass mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, optical, and magnetic characteristics. These properties arise from the
Standards and testing programs (for example, ASTM and ISO) provide methods to evaluate material performance and