Massitootmise

Massitootmise refers to the production of large quantities of standardized goods through organized, high-volume manufacturing processes. It relies on standardized parts, repetitive tasks, and mechanized or automated equipment to achieve high throughput and lower per-unit costs. The concept is closely tied to economies of scale and is contrasted with craft or bespoke production.

Massitootmise emerged during the Industrial Revolution, with developments in mechanization and interchangeable parts enabling factory-based production. The introduction of the moving assembly line in the early 20th century, notably by Henry Ford in the automobile industry, accelerated throughput and reduced labor costs. Over time, mass production spread to many industries and became a dominant model for consumer goods.

Contemporary mass production combines automation, robotics, computer-aided design and manufacturing, and sophisticated supply chains. Techniques include standardization of components, division of labor, just-in-time inventory, and quality control systems. While traditional mass production aimed at one product variant at maximum quantity, modern practices increasingly pursue mass customization, where high-volume production is paired with configurable options and flexible manufacturing systems.

Critics point to monotonous work, safety concerns, and environmental impacts. Mass production can create supply chain vulnerabilities and demand large upfront capital investment. Proponents argue it lowers costs, expands access to affordable goods, and spurs technological innovation.